Abstract In order to solve the problem of empty container reposition considered foldable containers, the key factors affecting the use of foldable containers are found out. The
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However, the optimal number of foldable containers differs in each situation, and the cost of fold-able containers is high. To address this, we propose implementing effective
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ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF DEPLOYING FOLDABLE CONTAINERS: REDUCING BUNKER AND CONTAINER MANAGEMENT COSTS IN A MULTI-PORT SHIPPING
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In this regard, a decision-maker should make a great effort to find a suboptimal mix of foldable and standard containers by a cost-efficient and reliable design of a container
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This study seeks to explore the effectiveness of employing foldable containers (FLDs) in liner shipping to reduce relocation and the
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However, introducing a large number of foldable containers may increase the total management costs of container repositioning.
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A shipping company can also reposition empty containers from surplus ports to deficit ports. These strategies must be completed while minimizing the total costs for
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However, introducing a large number of foldable containers may increase the total management costs of container repositioning.
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For this purpose a cost–benefit analysis is adopted in which four logistic concepts to use foldable containers are presented as a framework for analysis. The costs and benefits
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This study seeks to explore the effectiveness of employing foldable containers (FLDs) in liner shipping to reduce relocation and the empty containers and bunker costs (BCs)
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In this study, we formulated a novel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model considering a multi-period and multi-region shipping network to minimize the total cost
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The results show that introducing foldable containers into empty container repositioning along a river can utilize vessel space more effectively and decrease the total cost
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The global utility-scale photovoltaic market is experiencing significant growth in Southern Africa, with demand increasing by over 400% in the past five years. Large-scale solar farms now account for approximately 70% of all new renewable energy capacity additions in the region. South Africa leads with 65% market share in the SADC region, driven by REIPPPP (Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme) and corporate PPAs that have reduced levelized electricity costs by 60-70% compared to traditional power sources. The average project size has increased from 10MW to over 50MW, with standardized EPC approaches cutting installation timelines by 65% compared to traditional solutions. Emerging technologies including bifacial modules and single-axis tracking have increased energy yields by 25-35%, while manufacturing innovations and local content requirements have created new economic opportunities across the solar value chain. Typical utility-scale projects now achieve payback periods of 4-6 years with levelized costs below $0.04/kWh.
Containerized energy storage solutions are revolutionizing power management across Southern Africa's industrial and commercial sectors. Mobile 20ft and 40ft BESS containers now provide flexible, scalable energy storage with deployment times reduced by 80% compared to traditional stationary installations. Advanced lithium-ion technologies (NMC and LFP) have increased energy density by 40% while reducing costs by 35% annually. Intelligent energy management systems now optimize charging/discharging cycles based on real-time electricity pricing, increasing ROI by 50-70%. Safety innovations including advanced thermal management and integrated fire suppression have reduced risk profiles by 90%. These innovations have improved project economics significantly, with commercial and industrial energy storage projects typically achieving payback in 3-5 years through peak shaving, demand charge reduction, and backup power capabilities. Recent pricing trends show standard 20ft containers (500kWh-1MWh) starting at $180,000 and 40ft containers (1MWh-2.5MWh) from $350,000, with flexible financing including lease-to-own and energy-as-a-service models available.