ff including the use of phase change materials (PCMs), heat sinks, and hybrid energy storage systems Received 24th April 2025 Accepted 3rd July 2025 (HESS). Particular attention is
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Abstract This research paper explores the integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into Electric Vehicle (EV) battery packs for enhanced thermal management. Through a
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This study develops flexible, leakage-proof phase change composites with dual-mode thermal management for lithium-ion batteries. The composites offer Joule heating,
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This study presents a comprehensive thermal analysis of a 16-cell lithium-ion battery pack by exploring seven geometric configurations under airflow speeds ranging from 0
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By harnessing the high-density energy storage capabilities of phase change materials to absorb heat released by the batteries, followed by timely release and utilization, there is a substantial
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This study develops flexible, leakage-proof phase change composites with dual-mode thermal management for lithium-ion batteries.
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ABSTRACT Effective thermal management is critical for lithium-ion battery packs'' safe and efficient operations, particularly in applications such as drones, where compact
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This study presents a comprehensive thermal analysis of a 16-cell lithium-ion battery pack by exploring seven geometric
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This study investigates the thermal performance of a 16-cell lithium-ion battery pack by optimizing cooling airflow configurations and integrating phase change materials
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Electric vehicles are gradually replacing some of the traditional fuel vehicles because of their characteristics in low pollution, energy-saving and environmental protection.
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The “heat ratio” bigger than 0.75 can guarantee the PCM with lower phase transition temperature exerts its advantage in controlling the operating temperature of battery in the case
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The thermal management system plays a critical role in ensuring the operational performance and safety of battery energy storage installations. This study proposes a convective heat transfer
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The global utility-scale photovoltaic market is experiencing significant growth in Southern Africa, with demand increasing by over 400% in the past five years. Large-scale solar farms now account for approximately 70% of all new renewable energy capacity additions in the region. South Africa leads with 65% market share in the SADC region, driven by REIPPPP (Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme) and corporate PPAs that have reduced levelized electricity costs by 60-70% compared to traditional power sources. The average project size has increased from 10MW to over 50MW, with standardized EPC approaches cutting installation timelines by 65% compared to traditional solutions. Emerging technologies including bifacial modules and single-axis tracking have increased energy yields by 25-35%, while manufacturing innovations and local content requirements have created new economic opportunities across the solar value chain. Typical utility-scale projects now achieve payback periods of 4-6 years with levelized costs below $0.04/kWh.
Containerized energy storage solutions are revolutionizing power management across Southern Africa's industrial and commercial sectors. Mobile 20ft and 40ft BESS containers now provide flexible, scalable energy storage with deployment times reduced by 80% compared to traditional stationary installations. Advanced lithium-ion technologies (NMC and LFP) have increased energy density by 40% while reducing costs by 35% annually. Intelligent energy management systems now optimize charging/discharging cycles based on real-time electricity pricing, increasing ROI by 50-70%. Safety innovations including advanced thermal management and integrated fire suppression have reduced risk profiles by 90%. These innovations have improved project economics significantly, with commercial and industrial energy storage projects typically achieving payback in 3-5 years through peak shaving, demand charge reduction, and backup power capabilities. Recent pricing trends show standard 20ft containers (500kWh-1MWh) starting at $180,000 and 40ft containers (1MWh-2.5MWh) from $350,000, with flexible financing including lease-to-own and energy-as-a-service models available.