Inverter voltage and transmission distance

Does the inverter control strategy affect the impedance trajectories of Distance relays?

However, the inverter control strategy during faults could impact the impedance trajectories seen by the distance relay after the transient period, illustrated in one example by comparing the Z A $\bar {Z}_\mathrm {A}$ trajectories in Figures 15 and 16.

Do GFM inverters affect distance protection?

Hence, interactions between unconventional sources with each other and with conventional sources in such systems may pose additional challenges for reliable distance protection. The main objective of the paper was to investigate, highlight and fill in some theoretical gaps regarding the impacts that GFM inverters may have on distance protection.

Do inverter-based resources cause distance relays to misoperate?

Many of these preconditions are challenged in power systems with a high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and may cause traditional distance relays to misoperate [7 - 9].

Can a distance relay work with a GFM inverter?

The real issues with the distance relay itself occurred with the inclusion of the fault resistance. Interoperability challenges were observed for most fault types already at 5 Ω $\Omega$ . Only for LG faults could the distance relay perform adequately with the GFM inverters for higher fault resistances up to 15 Ω $\Omega$ .